E-bike Class 1/2/3 Definitions:

E-bikes are categorized into different classes based on their motor power and assistance levels. Understanding these classes can help you choose the right e-bike for your needs. The cycle advocacy group PeopleforBikes.org has developed the following class system:

(a) An “electric bicycle” is a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power.

(1) A “class 1 electric bicycle,” or “low-speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle,” is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling [throttling] the bicycle, except as provided in paragraph (4), that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour, and that is not capable of providing assistance to reach speeds greater than 20 miles per hour.

(2) A “class 2 electric bicycle,” or “low-speed throttle-assisted electric bicycle,” is a bicycle equipped with a motor that may be used exclusively to propel [throttle] the bicycle, and that is not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour.

(3) A “class 3 electric bicycle,” or “speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle,” is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle [throttling], except as provided in paragraph (4), and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 28 miles per hour, and equipped with a speedometer.

(4) A class 1 or class 3 electric bicycle may have start assistance or a walk mode that propels the electric bicycle on motor power alone, up to a maximum speed of 3.7 miles per hour.

Source: PeopleforBikes.org

OCEVs:

OCEV stands for Out-of-Class Electric Vehicle and while similar in appearance to electric bicycles, they do not technically conform to the standard Class 1/2/3 E-Bike definitions. 

These vehicle cannot be ridden in places only intended for bicycles (bike lanes, bike paths, state parks, etc.) and it is the rider’s responsibility to research their local laws/regulations regarding where this vehicle can and cannot be operated. 

Note: For more information on OCEVs, who can ride them, and where, refer to OCEV Safety Information

Key Terms in Electric Bicycle Regulations

• Electric Bicycle: A bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that provides assistance to the rider.
• Powered Mobility Device: A motorized vehicle, such as a scooter, moped, or off-highway motorcycle, powered by a lithium-ion storage battery.
• Storage Battery: A rechargeable lithium-ion battery that powers the motor of an electric bicycle or powered mobility device.
• Accredited Testing Laboratory: An independent laboratory that has been certified by an accreditation body to ensure its testing procedures and equipment meet specific standards. These laboratories are responsible for evaluating and testing electric bicycles, powered mobility devices, and storage batteries to ensure they comply with safety regulations.